Here’s a structured answer to the query titled "दिल में छेद का ऑपरेशन कैसे होता है" (How Does a Heart Surgery Work?) in English, tailored for an Indian context:
How Does a Heart Surgery Work? (Indian Perspective)
Cardiac surgery in India is a critical medical procedure performed to treat life-threatening conditions like blocked arteries, valve disorders, or rhythm abnormalities. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
1. Pre-Operative Preparation
Diagnosis:
Tests include ECG, angiography, echocardiography, and blood tests to identify blockages (e.g., in coronary arteries) or faulty valves.
Common conditions in India: Ischemic heart disease (IHD), rheumatic heart disease, and aortic aneurysms.
Patient Selection:
Patients are evaluated for fitness (e.g., blood pressure, kidney function).
In India, public hospitals (e.g., AIIMS, CMC Vellore) and private clinics (e.g., Fortis, Apollo) handle complex cases.
2. Types of Heart Surgeries in India
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG):
Uses synthetic or vein grafts to bypass blocked arteries.
Common in India due to high IHD prevalence.
Valve Surgery:
Replaces or repairs faulty heart valves (e.g., aortic valve replacement).
India has skilled surgeons like Dr. Naresh Trehan (pioneered CABG).
Angioplasty & stenting:
Minimally invasive procedure to open blocked arteries using balloons/stents.
Widely available in urban centers.
Cardiac Ablation:
Treats arrhythmias by removing faulty electrical pathways.
3. Surgical Process
General Anesthesia: Patient is unconscious and pain-free.
Incision:
CABG: Median sternotomy (vertical cut through chest).
Valve surgery: Partial or full sternotomy.
Cardiopulmonary bypass: Heart is stopped, and blood is pumped by a machine.
Surgical Steps:
For CABG: Graft is attached to healthy arteries.
For valve repair/replacement: Biological or mechanical valves are installed.
Recovery:
ICU stay for 1–3 days.
Physical therapy to regain mobility (common in Indian hospitals).
4. Post-Operative Care
Medications: Blood thinners (e.g., aspirin), antibiotics, and painkillers.
Diet: High-protein, low-cholesterol diet (common advice in India).
Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to monitor grafts/stents.
5. Challenges in India
Cost: CABG costs ~₹2–5 lakh in public vs. private hospitals.
Rural Access: Limited infrastructure in rural areas (PMJAY aims to address this).
Cultural Factors: Smaller family support can affect recovery.
6. Indian Innovations
Low-Cost Stents: Companies like Medtronic and Stryker partner with Indian firms.
Telemedicine: Remote consultations for pre-op evaluations.
7. FAQs
Can it be done robotically? Yes, in advanced centers (e.g., Mumbai’s Hinduja Hospital).
Recovery Time? 3–6 months for CABG; 2–4 weeks for angioplasty.
Success Rate? >95% in experienced hands.
Conclusion
Heart surgeries in India are highly advanced, with a mix of traditional expertise and modern technology. While challenges like cost and rural access persist, initiatives like Ayushman Bharat and private-sector partnerships are improving outcomes. Always consult a cardiologist at centers like Medanta or Fortis for optimal care.
Let me know if you need further details! 😊
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